Phase 44: Advanced Electrical Protection, IEDs & Breaker Control
This phase contains 3 sections and 23 checklist topics. Use the interactive phase page to track your own learning progress.
44.1 Protection system concepts
- What is an IED (Intelligent Electronic Device)?
- Protective relay versus MCB/MCCB versus ACB
- Electrical feeder, motor and generator protection overview
- Instrument transformer roles: CT and VT/PT
- CT ratio, polarity and burden basics
- CT secondary open-circuit hazard and required safe procedures
- Breaker trip, close and auxiliary status contacts
- Trip circuits, close circuits and permissives
- And 1 more checklist topics
44.2 Protective functions and coordination
- Overcurrent protection (50/51) overview
- Earth-fault protection (50N/51N or equivalent) overview
- Under/over-voltage function awareness
- Under/over-frequency function awareness
- Protection selectivity and grading basics
- Protection relay settings and approved change control
- Circuit breaker operation and trip cause review
44.3 Communications and fault finding
- Protection IED communication overview
- Modbus communications for meter/IED status
- IEC 61850 overview and GOOSE awareness
- IED-to-PMS/SCADA status, alarms and measurements
- IED event timestamps and fault records
- Simulated breaker trip/close permissive logic
- Read basic electrical SLD and breaker control drawing