Phase 18: Industrial Signals & I/O

This phase contains 6 sections and 44 checklist topics. Use the interactive phase page to track your own learning progress.

Digital

  • Digital input
  • Digital output
  • ON/OFF
  • 24 V DC
  • NO/NC
  • Sourcing
  • Sinking

NPN / PNP

  • NPN sensor
  • PNP sensor
  • Sourcing output
  • Sinking output
  • PLC compatibility
  • Input common
  • Wiring

Analog

  • 0-10 V
  • 1-5 V
  • 0-20 mA
  • 4-20 mA
  • Raw value
  • Engineering value
  • Scaling
  • Zero
  • And 1 more checklist topics

4-20 mA

  • Why 4 mA
  • Why 20 mA
  • Live zero
  • Broken-wire indication
  • 2-wire transmitter
  • 3-wire transmitter
  • 4-wire transmitter
  • Loop power
  • And 1 more checklist topics

Signal quality

  • Shield
  • Grounding
  • EMI
  • Noise
  • Twisted pair
  • Cable separation
  • Analog cable routing

Practical Field Additions

  • DI/DO point-to-point test with approved isolation
  • AI/AO 4-20 mA signal simulation awareness
  • 4-20 mA calibration at 0/25/50/75/100 percent
  • Checking field tag, PLC address, SCADA tag consistency
  • Loop-check records and test result sign-off

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